Full Expensing Is Pro-Growth, Pro-Environment Policy

Introduction

In this joint white paper, Nick Loris—Executive Vice President of Policy at C3 Solutions—and Josh T. Smith—energy‑policy lead at the Abundance Institute and visiting fellow with C3—propose replacing today’s patchwork of clean‑energy tax credits with permanent, economy‑wide full expensing for all new capital investments and R&D. Immediate expensing lets businesses deduct the entire cost of plant, equipment, and research in the year the spending occurs, eliminating multi‑year depreciation schedules that discourage up‑front investment. By giving every industry—from advanced manufacturing to next‑generation clean energy—the same neutral tax treatment, the authors argue, Congress can spur broad‑based private investment without picking winners or losers.

The analysis shows full expensing delivers more growth per federal dollar than targeted subsidies while still advancing environmental goals. Tax‑Foundation modeling suggests a permanent policy would boost long‑run GDP by roughly 1.8 percent, create hundreds of thousands of jobs, and strengthen U.S. competitiveness, all at just over one‑quarter the projected ten‑year cost of maintaining Inflation Reduction Act credits. Because every sector can claim the deduction, immediate expensing also offers a politically viable swap: lawmakers can phase down ballooning subsidies yet remain pro‑investment and pro‑environment, giving businesses the long‑term certainty they need to build America’s cleaner, more prosperous energy future.

Building the Right Kind of Electric Grid

Affordable and reliable electricity is, more than ever before, the foundation for American economic growth and security. That is certainly true for artificial intelligence and data centers. But this isn’t just a data center story. Advanced manufacturing, reshoring industry, transportation, and buildings are all increasingly reliant on abundant low-cost electricity. So too is our national defense—from military bases and the companies that supply them to the military communities where affordable and secure electricity is essential to mission readiness.

Senate Permitting Bill Would Clear a Path for Long-Distance Power Lines the Grid Needs

As Americans see their electricity bills rise, utilities are spending record sums on the grid while building fewer of the long-distance lines it needs. Investor-owned utilities are on track to spend $1.4 trillion on the power system through 2030, yet the country added just 400 miles of high-voltage transmission in 2025, down from 4,000 miles in 2013. 

The Senate Permitting Bill Would Speed Infrastructure Reviews Without Sacrificing Endangered Species

The Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act of 2026 (BAAJA), introduced by Senators Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV), Mike Lee (R-UT), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), and Martin Heinrich (D-NM), offers an opportunity to address that imbalance. The bill would streamline federal permitting, including through targeted Endangered Species Act (ESA) reforms: shorter consultation deadlines, a clearer scientific standard, and a larger role for states.

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